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Thornton Oakley (March 27, 1881 – April 4, 1953) was an American artist and illustrator. ==Biography 〔(Thornton Oakley papers ), Helen Farr Sloan Library & Archives, Delaware Art Museum〕== Thornton Oakley was born on Sunday, March 27, 1881, in Pittsburgh. He was the son of John Milton Oakley and Imogen Brashear Oakley. He graduated from Shady Side Academy in 1897, and studied at the University of Pennsylvania, receiving B.S. and M.S. degrees in architecture in 1901 and 1902. Oakley began his study of illustration with Howard Pyle in 1902, working both at Pyle's winter studio on North Franklin St. in Wilmington, Delaware,〔"From Pittsburgh Toward the Unknown" by Thornton Oakley, in ''Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine'', Sept.-Dec. 1948, p. 104〕 and at his summer studio in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania,〔''Our Pennsylvania: Keys to the Keystone State'' by Amy Oakley, Bobbs-Merrill, 1950, pp. 96,102,104〕 which was situated in the old mill that now houses the Brandywine River Museum. He described his first day with Pyle in a talk given in 1951 at the Free Library of Philadelphia: ''"There we four - my new cronies - Allen Tupper True, George Harding, Gordon McCouch and I - made our first sketches from a model, and our efforts were frightful to behold! Not one of us had had a palette in our hands ever before: I had not the least idea as to procedure. My attempts were terrifying to behold, and when H.P. came to me to criticize my work he paused for a long, long time before speaking, and I know that he must have been appalled."'' Oakley studied with Pyle for three years. During his first class, Pyle stood before his easel for a while before commenting that "either you are color-blind or else you are a genius." It turned out with time that neither was true. Oakley never learned the nuances of color but had an instinctual like for the primaries - red, yellow and blue. Oakley became an illustrator and writer for periodicals, including ''Century'', ''Collier's'', ''Harper's Monthly'' and ''Scribner's''. In the years 1914-19 and 1921-36 he was in charge of the Department of Illustration at the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art. In 1914-15 he also taught drawing at the University of Pennsylvania, and gave lectures at the Art Institute of Chicago, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Curtis Institute. He was a member of the jury of selection and advisory committee of the Department of Fine Arts at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915 and the Philadelphia Sesquicentennial Exposition in 1926. During World War I, lithographs of his patriotic drawings of war work at the shipyard at Hog Island, Philadelphia were distributed by the United States government. During World War II he did three sets of pictures of the war effort for ''National Geographic Magazine'' in 1941, 1943, and 1945. After the war he was commissioned to paint industrial subjects for the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Philadelphia Electric Company, Sun Oil, and other industries. In 1938-39 he did six mural panels for the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia on epochs in science. Oakley was deeply influenced by Howard Pyle's philosophy of illustration. In the talk at the Free Library referred to above, he said: ″''We never heard one word from our beloved teacher concerning tools and methods. His utterances were only of the spirit, thought, philosophy, ideals, vision, purpose.''″ Oakley presided at the private viewing of the Howard Pyle Memorial Exhibition at the Philadelphia Art Alliance in 1923, when reminiscences of Pyle were given by Elizabeth Green Elliott, Jessie Willcox Smith, George Harding, and Frank E. Schoonover. In praising Pyle, Oakley said: ″''Illustration is the highest type of pictorial art ... because illustration is simply a pictorial MAKING CLEAR, and if a picture makes clear a message in a big way, it is an illustration, whether it be made for magazine, book, mural decoration, or exhibition.''″ Oakley also developed his own philosophy of illustration, as put forth in an entire essay on that subject in ''The American Magazine of Art'' in 1919.〔″(Illustration )″ by Thornton Oakley, in ''The American Magazine of Art'', Vol. 10, No. 10 (August, 1919), pp. 369-376〕 Oakley made a large collection of Pyle - drawings, prints, books and other items, including letters and sketchbooks - which he presented to the Free Library of Philadelphia in November 1951. Throughout his career, Oakley was a member of many cultural institutions and clubs. He was a charter member of the (Philadelphia Water Color Club ) in 1903, serving as its secretary from 1912 to 1938, at that time becoming its president. In 1932, in recognition of his artistic services to France, the Third French Republic decorated Oakley with the ''Palmes d'Officier d'Académie'', an honor rarely conferred upon foreigners.〔''The Heart of Provence'', by Amy Oakley, 1936, D. Appleton-Century - biographical note on rear flap of dust jacket〕 Thornton Oakley died in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania on Saturday, April 4, 1953, and is buried with his wife Amy Ewing Oakley (1882-1963) at the Lower Marion Baptist Church Cemetery in Bryn Mawr.〔(Find a Grave Thornton Oakley )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thornton Oakley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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